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Reproductive Health Observations: structure, standards, and limits

Menstrual status, contraception, and cycle characteristics change over time, and a single intake response does not record that change. Arcametric stores these items as dated observations linked to a De-Identified Patient Reference, independent of any treatment session.

Cohen and Blest-Hopley (2025) recommend menstrual phase tracking and hormonal assays in psychedelic trials and observational studies, noting that these "can reduce data variability, support individualized care, and improve informed consent practices."

1

What is recorded

Menstrual

Bleeding episodes

Each episode records a start date, an end date, or both, each with its date precision.

Contraception

Use and method

  • Use: using, not using, or unknown.
  • Method: from the LOINC birth control methods list.
  • More than one method can be recorded at a time.
Cycle context

Status, regularity, length

  • Currently cycling, not currently cycling, or unknown.
  • Regular, irregular, or unknown, as reported.
  • Typical cycle length in days: one number or a range.
Current

The data structure, validation rules, and access controls are in place in Arcametric's database.

2

How dates, corrections, and sources are handled

Independent of treatment sessions

Observations link to a De-Identified Patient Reference, not to a session, and can be recorded before, between, or after treatment.

Date precision

Each date present is marked Exact or Approximate, and a missing date can be marked Unknown, so an approximate date is not read as exact.

Append-only history

Records cannot be edited or deleted. A correction or withdrawal is a new entry linked to the original, which remains in the history.

Provenance and entry time

Each observation records its source. The date it describes is stored separately from the time it was entered.

Data handling: each record holds a De-Identified Patient Reference, site and entering-account identifiers, dates, numbers, and coded answers, but no name or free-text field. Read access is limited by role at each site.

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3

Standards mapping

What is recordedStandardMatch
Contraception method answersLOINC answer codes from the Birth control methods list (LL4578-2)Exact
Contraception method questionLOINC 8659-5, Birth control method - ReportedPartial
Bleeding episodes, contraception use, cycling status, regularity, and typical cycle lengthNo standard code assignedLocal

Regularity and cycle length are stored as reported, not scored against the FIGO definitions of normal and abnormal uterine bleeding (Munro and colleagues, 2018). For study design, PhenX offers related protocols, Menstrual History (101101) and Current Contraception Use - Female (100303); these observations are not PhenX protocols.

4

Limitations

Reported, not laboratory-confirmed

A reported cycle is not a verified hormonal phase or a confirmed ovulation, and no hormone results are recorded.

Not a clinical assessment

A recorded bleeding episode or irregular cycle is an observation, not a diagnosis.

No symptom measures

The schema includes no menstrual symptom questionnaires or scales.

Missing data are not imputed

Unknown and missing answers are kept as recorded, not inferred.

Sources

  1. Cohen ZZ, Blest-Hopley G. Females in Psychedelic Research: A Perspective for Advancing Research and Practice. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 2025;8(7):1837-1846. doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.5c00255
  2. Munro MG, Critchley HOD, Fraser IS, et al. The two FIGO systems for normal and abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: 2018 revisions. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2018;143(3):393-408. doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12666
  3. LOINC 8659-5, Birth control method - Reported. loinc.org/8659-5
  4. LOINC LL4578-2, Birth control methods (answer list). loinc.org/LL4578-2
  5. PhenX Toolkit protocols Menstrual History (101101) and Current Contraception Use - Female (100303).

This material contains content from LOINC (https://loinc.org). LOINC is copyright Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee and is available at no cost under the license at https://loinc.org/license.

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Appendix: Field reference

Observation names are the labels stored in the database, and the database checks the value and date rules below when a record is saved. These fields are not yet in a research export. The wider variable dictionary is at arcametric.com/data-taxonomy.

Observation types

ObservationValue and allowed answersDatesStandard
Menstrual bleeding episodeNo value; the dates are the observationStart, end, or both; start on or before endLocal
Contraception use statusUsing contraception; Not using contraception; UnknownAt least one observed, start, or end dateLocal
Birth control method - ReportedOne of the 22 methods below per recordAt least one observed, start, or end dateLOINC 8659-5 (Partial)
Current menstrual cycling statusCurrently cycling; Not currently cycling; UnknownObserved date onlyLocal
Reported cycle regularityRegular; Irregular; UnknownObserved date onlyLocal
Reported typical cycle length in daysOne positive number, or a positive minimum and maximum, with the minimum not above the maximumObserved date onlyLocal
Withdrawal of prior observationNo value; names the earlier record, which cannot itself be a withdrawalNoneLocal

Contraception methods and LOINC answer codes (list LL4578-2, all Exact)

Implantable rodLA27901-0
Vaginal ringLA27911-9
IUD with ProgestinLA27902-8
Male condomLA27912-7
IUD copperLA27903-6
Diaphragm or cervical capLA27913-5
IUD unspecifiedLA27904-4
Female condomLA27914-3
Female sterilizationLA27905-1
WithdrawalLA14549-2
VasectomyLA14534-4
SpermicideLA27916-8
InjectablesLA27907-7
SpongeLA27917-6
Combined oral contraceptive pillsLA27908-5
Fertility awareness-based methodsLA27918-4
Progestin only contraceptive pillsLA27909-3
Lactational amenorrhea methodLA27919-2
Contraceptive patchLA16581-3
Male relying on female methodLA27920-0
Contraceptive gelLA33038-3
Emergency contraceptionLA27921-8

The list's "None" is recorded as the use status "Not using contraception," and "Decline to answer" is not recorded.

Questions about this brief: hello@arcametric.com

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